The reaction shown in the figure is known as:

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(C) The reaction of phenol with $CHCl_3$ in the presence of aqueous $NaOH$ followed by acidification $(H^+)$ leads to the formation of salicylaldehyde

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Reimer-Tiemann reaction

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(C) The reaction of phenol with $CHCl_3$ in the presence of aqueous $NaOH$ followed by acidification $(H^+)$ leads to the formation of salicylaldehyde (ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde).This specific chemical transformation is known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction.In this reaction,the electrophile is dichlorocarbene $(:CCl_2)$,which is generated from $CHCl_3$ and $NaOH$.

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