The radiation energy of light is converted to chemical energy and stored as

Herbicides prevent

Where is $NADP$ reductase enzyme located in the chloroplast? What is the role of this enzyme in proton gradient development?

The oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from:

The two light reactions,when absorbing light,drive the flow of electrons against an electrochemical gradient from

$ATP$ synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is due to a proton gradient across the membrane. Select the correct statements with respect to $ATP$ formation in chloroplasts:
$(a)$ Protons accumulate in the lumen of the thylakoid.
$(b)$ Splitting of water occurs on the inner side of the membrane.
$(c)$ Protons accumulate on the stroma side of the chloroplast.
$(d)$ $NADP$ reductase is located on the stroma side of the membrane.