The process of modifying the genotype of an organism by introducing a foreign gene fragment is called ......

Mention the core techniques responsible for the development of modern biotechnology.

$I.$ Copy number is defined as the number of copies of a plasmid present in a cell.
$II.$ It varies from $15-100$ copies per cell. Choose the correct option regarding the above statements.

Credit for the construction of the first recombinant $DNA$ is given to:

Transfer of any gene into a completely different organism can be done through

Genetic engineering is defined as .......