The point in the eye of mammals from which optic nerves and blood vessels leave the eyeball is known as:

The black pigment in the eye which reduces the internal reflection is located in

Choose the correct statement.

The eyes of cat, cow, buffalo and some nocturnal animals shine in the night. It is due to the presence of $tapetum \text{ } lucidum$ between the choroid and retina. This shining is due to the presence of a pigment made of:

Which pigment is present in the rod cells that is useful for vision during the night?

$X -$ Rod cells' function is twilight (scotopic) vision.
$Y -$ Cone cells' function is daylight (photopic) vision.