The path of $CO_2$ in the dark reaction of photosynthesis was successfully traced by the use of which of the following?

$A$: Biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis depends directly on the presence of light.
$R$: Both $ATP$ and $NADPH$ are not essential for the assimilation of $CO_2$ to carbohydrates.

For the synthesis of one mole of hexose in photosynthesis,the energy used is equivalent to how many $ATP$?

Suspension of isolated thylakoids in a culture medium containing $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ does not produce hexose due to the absence of which of the following?

$RuBisCo$ is found in

Which one of the following is the product of the dark reaction of photosynthesis?