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(A) The fact that oxygen released during photosynthesis originates from water was first demonstrated by Ruben and Kamen using the isotope tracer techn

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Ruben and Kamen

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(A) The fact that oxygen released during photosynthesis originates from water was first demonstrated by Ruben and Kamen using the isotope tracer technique $(O^{18})$.Photolysis of water occurs in the presence of light and requires $Mn^{++}$ and $Cl^-$ ions as catalysts for water oxidation:$4H_2O \xrightarrow{Mn^{++}, Cl^-} 4(OH)^- + 4H^+$Subsequently,the hydroxyl radicals form water and release oxygen as a byproduct:$4OH \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2 \uparrow$

The oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from the photolysis of water was first proved by:

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