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(C) The correct answer is $C$. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis through the process of photolysis of water,which occurs in the membranes of gra

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Manganese and Chlorine

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(C) The correct answer is $C$. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis through the process of photolysis of water,which occurs in the membranes of grana thylakoids.The phenomenon of breaking down water into hydrogen and oxygen in illuminated chloroplasts is called photolysis or photocatalytic splitting of water.Light energy,an Oxygen Evolving Complex $(OEC)$,and electron carriers are required for this process. The Oxygen Evolving Complex is attached to the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane and contains four $Mn$ ions.Light-energized changes in $Mn$ $(Mn^{2+}, Mn^{3+}, Mn^{4+})$ remove electrons from the $OH^-$ component of water,resulting in the formation of oxygen.The liberation of $O_2$ also requires two other essential ions: $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$.The reaction is as follows:$4H_2O ightleftharpoons 4H^+ + 4OH^-$$4OH^- \xrightarrow[Mn^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, Cl^-]{	ext{Oxygen evolving complex}} 2H_2O + O_2 \uparrow + 4e^-$

The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. Which one of the following pairs of elements is involved in this reaction?

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