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(A) The given reaction is an example of Birch reduction,which involves the reduction of an aromatic ring to a non-conjugated $1,4-$cyclohexadiene usin

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(A) The given reaction is an example of Birch reduction,which involves the reduction of an aromatic ring to a non-conjugated $1,4-$cyclohexadiene using an alkali metal (like $Na$ or $Li$) in liquid ammonia $(NH_3)$ in the presence of an alcohol (like $CH_3CH_2OH$).For an aromatic ring substituted with an electron-donating group (like $-OCH_3$),the substituent remains on the double bond of the resulting $1,4-$cyclohexadiene.For an aromatic ring substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (like $-NO_2$),the substituent is located on the saturated carbon (the $sp^3$ hybridized carbon) of the resulting $1,4-$cyclohexadiene.In the given reactant,$o$-nitroanisole,the $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group,while the $-OCH_3$ group is an electron-donating group. The reduction occurs such that the $-NO_2$ group ends up on the saturated carbon atom of the $1,4-$cyclohexadiene ring. Thus,the correct product is the one where the $-NO_2$ group is at the $sp^3$ carbon and the $-OCH_3$ group is on the double bond.

The major product of the following reaction is

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