The interaction between two living organisms of different species which is beneficial to both but is not obligatory because they can live without each other is known as
Proto-cooperation
Mutualism or symbiosis
Commensalism
Amensalism
Which competition is more intense?
In an aqueous environment, the microscopic animals are collectively called
It is relationship between Ophrys orchid and male bee.
Define ectoparasite and endoparasite and give suitable examples.
If $'+'$ sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, $'-'$ sign to detrimental and $'O'$ sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction represented by $'+'\, '-'$ refers to