The frequencies of $K_{\alpha}$,$K_{\beta}$,and $L_{\alpha}$ $X$-rays of a material are $\nu_1$,$\nu_2$,and $\nu_3$ respectively. Which of the following relations holds good?

$X$-rays are produced when ...

The ${K_{\alpha}}$ $X$-rays arising from a cobalt $(Z = 27)$ target have a wavelength of $179\, pm$. The ${K_{\alpha}}$ $X$-rays arising from a nickel target $(Z = 28)$ is

When $0.50\; \mathring{A}$ $X$-rays strike a material,the photoelectrons from the $K$-shell are observed to move in a circle of radius $23\; mm$ in a magnetic field of $2 \times 10^{-2}\; T$ acting perpendicularly to the direction of emission of photoelectrons. The binding energy of $K$-shell electrons is $..........\; keV$.

The essential distinction between $X$-rays and $\gamma$-rays is that:

$A$ metal block is exposed to beams of $X$-rays of different wavelengths. $X$-rays of which wavelength penetrate most?