The formation of the oxide ion,$O^{2-}_{(g)}$,from oxygen atom requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown below:
$O_{(g)} + e^- \to O^{-}_{(g)} ; \Delta_f H^{\Theta} = -141 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$
$O^{-}_{(g)} + e^- \to O^{2-}_{(g)} ; \Delta_f H^{\Theta} = +780 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$
Thus,the process of formation of $O^{2-}$ in gas phase is unfavourable even though $O^{2-}$ is isoelectronic with neon. It is due to the fact that,

  • A
    Oxygen is more electronegative
  • B
    Addition of electron in oxygen results in larger size of the ion
  • C
    Electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained by achieving noble gas configuration
  • D
    $O^{-}$ ion has comparatively smaller size than oxygen atom

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