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(D) The correct answer is $(d)$.Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child

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adenosine deaminase deficiency

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(D) The correct answer is $(d)$.Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child or embryo.In this process,functional genes are inserted into a person's cells and tissues to treat a disease.Correction of a genetic defect involves the delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.The first clinical gene therapy was given in $1990$ to a $4$-year-old girl suffering from adenosine deaminase $(ADA)$ deficiency.This enzyme is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system.$SCID$ (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) is caused due to a defect in the gene responsible for the enzyme adenosine deaminase.In some children,$ADA$ deficiency can be cured by bone marrow transplantation or by introducing the functional gene into cells at early embryonic stages,which can provide a permanent cure.

The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating

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