The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of the response of organisms to abiotic factors. What do $(a)$,$(b)$,and $(c)$ represent respectively?
$(a)$ $(b)$ $(c)$

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Cacti	$(i)$ Leguminous plants
$(b)$ Shade loving plants	$(ii)$ Commensalism
$(c)$ Halophytes	$(iii)$ Pioneer community
$(d)$ Crustose lichen	$(iv)$ Plants growing in saline environment
$(e)$ Interspecific interaction	$(v)$ Xerophytes
$(f)$ Rhizobium	$(vi)$ Sciophytes

$A$ country with a high rate of population growth took measures to reduce it. The figure below shows age-sex pyramids of populations $A$ and $B$ twenty years apart. Select the correct interpretation about them.

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$A$. Logistic growth	$I$. Unlimited resource availability condition
$B$. Exponential growth	$II$. Limited resource availability condition
$C$. Expanding age pyramid	$III$. The percent individuals of pre-reproductive age is largest followed by reproductive and post-reproductive age groups
$D$. Stable age pyramid	$IV$. The percent individuals of pre-reproductive and reproductive age group are same

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Earthworm	$(i)$ Birth-rate
$(b)$ Succession	$(ii)$ Pioneer species
$(c)$ Population rise	$(iii)$ Pollination
$(d)$ Ecological services	$(iv)$ Saprotrophs

Read the given statements and identify the correct and incorrect ones.
$(1)$ The exponential growth curve can be calculated using the formula $N_t = N_0 e^{rt}$.
$(2)$ Bamboo and salmon fish show the production of offspring only once during their entire lifespan.
$(3)$ In the amensalism type of interaction,one species is harmed and the other species receives no benefit or harm.
$(4)$ $A$ competitively superior species eliminates the inferior species in a habitat.