The distance between the Sun and the Earth is $1.6 \times 10^{11} \,m$ and the radius of the Earth is $6.4 \times 10^6 \,m$. The ratio of the angular momentum of the Earth around the Sun to the angular momentum around its own axis is approximately (Assume the Earth as a solid sphere with uniform mass density and that it rotates around the Sun in a circular path.)

State whether the following statements are true or false:
$(a)$ The intensity of the Earth's gravitational field increases as we move higher above the Earth's surface.
$(b)$ There is no atmosphere on the Moon because the escape velocity on the Moon is small.
$(c)$ $A$ satellite orbiting the Earth is in a state of weightlessness.

$A$ spherical body of radius $R$ consists of a fluid of constant density $\rho$ and is in equilibrium under its own gravity. If $P(r)$ is the pressure at a distance $r$ from the center $(r < R)$,then the correct option$(s)$ is(are):
$(A) P(r=0) = P_c$ (maximum pressure at center)
$(B) \frac{P(r=3R/4)}{P(r=2R/3)} = \frac{63}{80}$
$(C) \frac{P(r=3R/5)}{P(r=2R/5)} = \frac{16}{21}$
$(D) \frac{P(r=R/2)}{P(r=R/3)} = \frac{20}{27}$

Imagine a narrow tunnel between two diametrically opposite points of the Earth. $A$ particle of mass $m$ is released in this tunnel. The time period of oscillation is ..........

In the following four periods:
$(i)$ Time of revolution of a satellite just above the earth's surface $({T_{st}})$
$(ii)$ Period of oscillation of mass inside the tunnel bored along the diameter of the earth $({T_{ma}})$
$(iii)$ Period of simple pendulum having a length equal to the earth's radius in a uniform field of $9.8 \; N/kg \; ({T_{sp}})$
$(iv)$ Period of an infinite length simple pendulum in the earth's real gravitational field $({T_{is}})$

The magnitudes of the gravitational field at distances $r_1$ and $r_2$ from the centre of a uniform sphere of radius $R$ and mass $M$ are $F_1$ and $F_2$ respectively. Then-