The concept of sudden genetic change which breeds true in a species is represented as

Assertion $(A)$: Mutation results in changes in genotype and phenotype of an organism.
Reason $(R)$: Mutation leads to alteration of $\text{DNA}$ sequences,i.e.,variations in $\text{DNA}$.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

$A$ mutation in a single base pair of a gene results in the production of a non-functional protein. This type of mutation is called .............

Mutation rates are affected by

What causes gene mutation?

Deletion or insertion of base pairs of $DNA$ causes which type of mutation?