The coefficient of thermal conductivity of a rod depends on its

For a spherical shell with inner and outer radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ respectively,the formula for the heat flow rate is = ......... where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell $(T_1 > T_2)$. The thermal conductivity of the material of the shell is $k$.

Two rods,one made of copper and the other of steel,having the same length and cross-sectional area,are joined together. The thermal conductivity of copper is $385 \, J s^{-1} m^{-1} K^{-1}$ and that of steel is $50 \, J s^{-1} m^{-1} K^{-1}$. If the copper end is held at $100^{\circ} C$ and the steel end is held at $0^{\circ} C$,the junction temperature is ........... $^{\circ} C$ (Assuming no other heat losses).

Two layers of a wall,$A$ and $B$,are made of different materials. Both layers have the same thickness. For layer $A$,the thermal conductivity is $K_A = 3 K_B$. The total temperature difference across the wall is $20^{\circ}C$. Find the temperature difference across layer $A$ in $^{\circ}C$.

Two materials having coefficients of thermal conductivity $3K$ and $K$ and thickness $d$ and $3d$,respectively,are joined to form a slab as shown in the figure. The temperatures of the outer surfaces are $\theta_2$ and $\theta_1$ respectively $(\theta_2 > \theta_1)$. The temperature at the interface is

Two metal cubes $A$ and $B$ of the same size are arranged as shown in the figure. The ends of the combination are maintained at the indicated temperatures. The arrangement is thermally insulated. If the thermal conductivities of $A$ and $B$ are $300 \, W/m \, ^\circ C$ and $200 \, W/m \, ^\circ C$ respectively,find the temperature $t$ at the junction when the steady state is reached.