The binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is $13.6\, eV$, the energy required to remove the electron from the first excited state of $Li^{++}$ is ......... $eV$

Given below are two statements:

Statement $I$: Atoms are electrically neutral as they contain equal number of positive and negative charges.

Statement $II$: Atoms of each element are stable and emit their characteristic spectrum.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

In an alpha particle scattering experiment distance of closest approach for the $\alpha$ particle is $4.5 \times 10^{-14} \mathrm{~m}$. If target nucleus has atomic number $80$ , then maximum velocity of $\alpha$-particle is . . . . .. $\times 10^5$ $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ approximately.

$\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}=9 \times 10^9 \mathrm{SI}\right.$ unit, mass of $\alpha$ particle $=$ $\left.6.72 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right)$

According to the nuclear model of an atom, what is the area of the whole mass of the atom located ?

What is the atomic number of gold ? 

According to classical theory, the circular path of an electron in Rutherford atom is