The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widel | vedclass

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(A) $Bacillus$ $thuringiensis$ $(Bt)$ is a soil bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins. These proteins are effective against specific insect gr

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insecticide

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(A) $Bacillus$ $thuringiensis$ $(Bt)$ is a soil bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins. These proteins are effective against specific insect groups such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm,armyworm),coleopterans (beetles),and dipterans (flies,mosquitoes). $B. thuringiensis$ produces protein crystals containing a toxic insecticidal protein. This toxin exists as an inactive protoxin within the bacterium,which is why it does not harm the host. When an insect ingests the crystal,the alkaline $pH$ of the insect's alimentary canal converts the protoxin into an active toxin. The activated toxin binds to the surface of the midgut epithelial cells,creating pores that cause cell swelling,lysis,and ultimately the death of the insect. Therefore,it is widely used as a biological insecticide.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ $Bacillus \text{ } thuringiensis$	$(1)$ $Nematode$
$(b)$ $Meloidogyne \text{ } incognitia$	$(2)$ $Cry \text{ } protein$
$(c)$ $Agrobacterium$	$(3)$ $Genetically \text{ } engineered \text{ } insulin$
$(d)$ $E. \text{ } coli$	$(4)$ $Ti \text{ } plasmid$

The bacterium $Bacillus$ $thuringiensis$ is widely used in contemporary biology as

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