The area of photoperception in plants is

$A$: Phytochrome,a protein,has a regulatory function.
$R$: Various morphogenetic processes are regulated by it.

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$: If the long dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of light,short day plants will not flower.
Statement $II$: When the long dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of light,long day plants can flower.
In the light of above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

There are many plants that do not show any correlation between exposure to light duration and the induction of flowering. Such plants are called $..........$.

The pigment involved in red-far red light interconversion is

Winter varieties of wheat and barley are planted in