The tendency of abortion in women is caused by

The sexuality in bacteria was established by

In the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria,membrane-bound extensions are observed,which are called $.....$.

Assertion $A$: Some bacteria are motile.
Reason $R$: Some bacteria have tubular pili or fimbriae extensions arising from their surface.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

Which feature is common between methanogens and halophiles?

Chromatophores are absent in