Solar energy is converted into $ATP$ in

In the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis,the chloroplast is directly involved in which of the following processes?

Chemiosmotic theory of $ATP$ synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on

The '$Z$' scheme of photosynthesis was proposed by

The first electron carrier molecule from $P_{700}$ to $NADP^+$ is believed to be

If $E$ is the Emerson effect,$x$ is the rate of oxygen production in a mixed beam of light,$y$ is the rate of $O_2$ production in low wavelength light (short wavelength),and $z$ is the rate of $O_2$ evolution in high wavelength red light,what will be the value of $E$?