Select the correct statement regarding mutation theory of evolution.

Which one of the following is a cause of sympatric speciation?

Identify $P, Q,$ and $R$ in the following descriptions of natural selection types:
$P -$ More individuals acquire peripheral character values at both ends of the distribution curve.
$Q -$ More individuals acquire mean character value.
$R -$ More individuals acquire value other than the mean character value.
$\quad\quad P \quad\quad\quad Q\quad\quad\quad R$

Explain the terms: $(i)$ Saltation and $(ii)$ Founder effect.

Hugo de Vries gave the mutation theory to explain the mechanism of evolution. He conducted his experiments on ...... .

In the case of the peppered moth $(Biston \text{ } betularia)$, the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during the industrial revolution. This is an example of: