Rutherford's alpha $(\alpha)$ particles scattering experiment resulted in the discovery of:

Write the conclusions drawn by Rutherford for the following observations during his $\alpha$-scattering experiment:
$(a)$ Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
$(b)$ Some alpha particles got deflected from their path.
$(c)$ $A$ very small fraction of alpha particles got deflected by $180^{\circ}$.

Write three observations of Rutherford's alpha particles scattering experiment.

Give reasons for the following:
$(a)$ Isotopes of an element are chemically similar.
$(b)$ An atom is electrically neutral.
$(c)$ Noble gases show least reactivity.
$(d)$ Nucleus of an atom is heavy and positively charged.
$(e)$ Ions are more stable than atoms.

State whether the following statement is true or false:
An atom of each element has a definite combining capacity,called its valency.

In response to a question,a student stated that in an atom,the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons,which in turn is greater than the number of electrons. Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer.