Rain is falling vertically with a speed of $12 \ ms^{-1}$. $A$ woman rides a bicycle with a speed of $12 \ ms^{-1}$ in the east to west direction. What is the direction in which she should hold her umbrella?

$STATEMENT-1$ For an observer looking out through the window of a fast-moving train,the nearby objects appear to move in the opposite direction to the train,while the distant objects appear to be stationary.
$STATEMENT-2$ If the observer and the object are moving at velocities $\vec{V}_1$ and $\vec{V}_2$ respectively with reference to a laboratory frame,the velocity of the object with respect to the observer is $\vec{V}_2 - \vec{V}_1$.

$A$ person running horizontally observes that rain is falling on his head vertically with a speed of $10\,m/s$. When he stops,he observes that the rain is falling at an angle of $30^o$ with the vertical. Find the speed with which the man was running.

$A$ man is running at a speed of $5 \, m/s$. The rain drops appear to be falling at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ from the vertical. If the rain drops are actually falling vertically downwards,then the velocity of the rain drops (in $m/s$) is:

Airplanes $A$ and $B$ are flying with constant velocity in the same vertical plane at angles $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ with respect to the horizontal,respectively,as shown in the figure. The speed of $A$ is $100 \sqrt{3} \ m/s$. At time $t=0$,an observer in $A$ finds $B$ at a distance of $500 \ m$. This observer sees $B$ moving with a constant velocity perpendicular to the line of motion of $A$. If at $t = t_0$,$A$ just escapes being hit by $B$,then $t_0$ in seconds is:

Two trains are moving with equal speed in opposite directions along two parallel railway tracks. If the wind is blowing with speed $u$ along the track so that the relative velocities of the trains with respect to the wind are in the ratio of $1:2$,then the speed of each train must be