The pioneer community established on a bare rock is:

Identify the group of herbivores from the following that are included as primary consumers in an ecosystem.

$A$ : During succession,nutrient availability decreases while biomass level increases.
$R$ : $NCP$ (Net Community Productivity) remains same during succession.

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements are correct?
$(a)$ Net primary productivity is available biomass for consumption to heterotrophs.
$(b)$ Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by heterotrophs.
$(c)$ The annual net primary productivity of the ocean is greater than that of land.
$(d)$ Warm and moist environment favours decomposition.

Trees $\rightarrow$ Birds $\rightarrow$ Lice $\rightarrow$ Bacteria. Thus,the food chain is: