(A) Dogs have a variety of genes that govern coat colour. There are at least eleven identified gene series $(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M, P, S, T)$ that influence coat colour in dogs.
$A$ dog inherits one gene from each of its parents. The dominant gene gets expressed in the phenotype. For example,in the $B$ series,a dog can be genetically black or brown.
Let us assume that one parent is homozygous black $(BB)$,while the other parent is homozygous brown $(bb)$.
| $bb$ | $BB$ |
| $b$ | $Bb$ |
| $b$ | $Bb$ |
In this case,all the offspring will be heterozygous $(Bb)$.
Since black $(B)$ is dominant,all the offspring will be black. However,they will have both $B$ and $b$ alleles.
If such heterozygous pups are crossed,they will produce $25\%$ homozygous black $(BB)$,$50\%$ heterozygous black $(Bb)$,and $25\%$ homozygous brown $(bb)$ offspring.
$\begin{array}{ccc} & B & b \\ B & BB & Bb \\ b & Bb & bb \end{array}$