Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(1)$ Charles Darwin	$(a)$ Mutation theory
$(2)$ Lamarck	$(b)$ Germ plasm theory
$(3)$ Hugo de Vries	$(c)$ Philosophie Zoologique
$(4)$ Ernst Haeckel	$(d)$ The Origin of Species
$(5)$ August Weismann	$(e)$ Biogenetic law
-	$(f)$ Essay on Population

Given below are four statements $(A-D)$ each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
Statements:
$(A)$ Wings of butterfly and birds look alike and are the results of $ . . . . . . (i) . . . . . . $ evolution.
$(B)$ Miller showed that $CH_4, H_2, NH_3$ and $ . . . . . . (i) . . . . . . $ when exposed to electric discharge in a flask resulted in formation of $ . . . . . . (ii) . . . . . . $.
$(C)$ Vermiform appendix is a $ . . . . . . (i) . . . . . . $ organ and an $ . . . . . . (ii) . . . . . . $ evidence of evolution.
$(D)$ According to Darwin,evolution took place due to $ . . . . . . (i) . . . . . . $ and $ . . . . . . (ii) . . . . . . $ of the fittest.

Which two geographical regions are separated by high mountains?

Assertion $A$: Organisms show variations to adapt and utilize the environment to the maximum extent.
Reason $R$: Variations lead to the formation of new species.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

Two morphologically similar populations are intersterile. They belong to

Define and explain divergent evolution,convergent evolution,and mutation.