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(C) $1$. The reaction of aniline $(C_6H_5NH_2)$ with $HNO_2$ at $0 \, ^\circ C$ produces benzenediazonium chloride $(C_6H_5N_2^+Cl^-)$,which is $P$.$2

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Nitrobenzene

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(C) $1$. The reaction of aniline $(C_6H_5NH_2)$ with $HNO_2$ at $0 \, ^\circ C$ produces benzenediazonium chloride $(C_6H_5N_2^+Cl^-)$,which is $P$.$2$. The reaction of $P$ with $HBF_4$ produces benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate $(C_6H_5N_2^+BF_4^-)$,which is $Q$.$3$. The thermal decomposition of $Q$ in the presence of $NaNO_2$ and $Cu$ is a variation of the Schiemann reaction or related diazotization-substitution. However,the standard reaction of $C_6H_5N_2^+BF_4^-$ with $NaNO_2/Cu$ typically leads to the replacement of the diazonium group with a nitro group $(-NO_2)$,forming nitrobenzene $(C_6H_5NO_2)$,which is $R$.

The major product $(R)$ of the following reaction is:
$C_6H_5NH_2$ $\xrightarrow[{0 \, ^\circ C}]{{HNO_2}} P$ $\xrightarrow{{HBF_4}} Q$ $\xrightarrow[{Cu, \, \Delta }]{{NaNO_2}} R$

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The major product $(R)$ of the following reaction is:$C_6H_5NH_2$ $\xrightarrow[{0 \, ^\circ C}]{{HNO_2}} P$ $\xrightarrow{{HBF_4}} Q$ $\xrightarrow[{Cu, \, \Delta }]{{NaNO_2}} R$