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(C) The modern industrial production of ethanol involves the direct hydration of ethene $(C_2H_4)$.This reaction is carried out by passing a mixture o

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Concentrated $H_2SO_4$

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(C) The modern industrial production of ethanol involves the direct hydration of ethene $(C_2H_4)$.This reaction is carried out by passing a mixture of ethene and steam over a catalyst.The catalyst used is typically phosphoric acid $(H_3PO_4)$ supported on silica, but in many textbook contexts, concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is cited as the dehydrating/hydrating agent used in the industrial process to facilitate the addition of water to the double bond of ethene.The reaction is: $C_2H_4 + H_2O \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4} C_2H_5OH$.

In the modern industrial method for the production of ethanol, hydration of ethene is carried out in the presence of which substance?

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