In the laboratory,sodium chloride is made by | vedclass

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(C) When $NaCl$ is heated in an atmosphere of sodium vapor,sodium atoms deposit on the surface of the crystal. $Cl^{-}$ ions diffuse to the surface to

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Presence of electrons in the crystal lattice

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(C) When $NaCl$ is heated in an atmosphere of sodium vapor,sodium atoms deposit on the surface of the crystal. $Cl^{-}$ ions diffuse to the surface to combine with $Na$ atoms,creating anion vacancies. Electrons released by the ionization of $Na$ atoms occupy these anionic sites to maintain electrical neutrality. These trapped electrons,known as $F$-centers,absorb energy from visible light and impart a yellow color to the $NaCl$ crystal.

In the laboratory,sodium chloride is made by burning sodium in an atmosphere of chlorine. The resulting crystal is yellow in color. The cause of this yellow color is:

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