In the hexaploid wheat, the haploid $(n)$ and basic $(x)$ numbers of chromosomes are

Sex-linked genes of man are

In pea plants, red flowers $(R)$ are dominant over to white flowers $(r)$ and tall plants $(T)$ are dominant over to dwarf plants $(t)$. The table below shows the gametes and the possible offsprings produced in a dihybrid cross. The numbers $1$ to $16$ represent the genotypes of each individual cross $(e.g. 3 = RrTT)$

                $RT$      $Rt$     $rT$      $rt$

$RT$             $1$        $2$       $3$       $4$

$Rt$              $5$        $6$       $7$       $8$

$rT$              $9$        $10$     $11$     $12$

$rt$               $13$       $14$     $15$    $16$

If plant $7$ is crossed with plant $12$, then what proportion of the offsprings produced will be homozygous for both the recessive characters

A pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of a particular sex-linked trait ("trait") Key: Unaffected Males Affected Males Unaffected Females Affected Females How is the trait being studied in the pedigree chart above?

The hybrids are generally found to be superior to their parents, it is because of