In ruby laser,the stimulated emission is due to transition from

The curve between charge density and distance near a $P-N$ junction will be:

If $\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}, \overrightarrow{c}$ are three vectors such that $\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}$ and the angle between $\overrightarrow{b}$ and $\overrightarrow{c}$ is $\frac{\pi}{2}$,then:

If $k > 1$ and the determinant of the matrix $A^2$,where $A = \begin{bmatrix} k & k\alpha & \alpha \\ 0 & \alpha & k\alpha \\ 0 & 0 & k \end{bmatrix}$,is $k^2$,then $|\alpha|$ is equal to

Two particles of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ in projectile motion have velocities $\vec{v}_1$ and $\vec{v}_2$ respectively at time $t = 0$. They collide at time $t_0$. Their velocities become $\vec{v}_1'$ and $\vec{v}_2'$ at time $2t_0$ while still moving in air. The value of $|(m_1 \vec{v}_1' + m_2 \vec{v}_2') - (m_1 \vec{v}_1 + m_2 \vec{v}_2)|$ is

What is the reduction electrode potential (in volts) of a copper electrode when $[Cu^{2+}] = 0.01 \ M$ is in a solution at $25^{\circ} C$? ($E^{\circ}$ of $Cu^{2+}/Cu$ electrode is $+0.34 \ V$)