In Opuntia the spines are modification of
Leaf
Branch
Epidermis
Flower
Phyllotaxis is
Leaf blade is spinous in case of
In Calotropis the phyllotaxy is
You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marsh lands. What part of the plant is modified into a pitcher ? How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesize like any other green plant ?
How do the various leaf modifications help plants?