In an area $A$,the leaf materials available to beetles were very less. What are the two consequences seen in case of beetles?

$A$ cross was carried out between a pure-bred tall pea plant and a pure-bred dwarf pea plant,and $F_{1}$ progeny was obtained. Later,the $F_{1}$ progeny was selfed to obtain $F_{2}$ progeny. Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ What is the phenotype of the $F_{1}$ progeny and why?
$(b)$ Give the phenotypic ratio of the $F_{2}$ progeny.
$(c)$ Why is the $F_{2}$ progeny different from the $F_{1}$ progeny?

What are the organs called that have a similar appearance and perform similar functions but have different basic structures?

Why are males considered heterogametic?

It is a commonly held misconception that the mother's egg is responsible for determining whether the baby will be a boy or a girl. But actually,it is the father's sperm that decides this. Which of the following makes the sperm the decisive factor?

$(a)$ Which type of organs are shown in the figure below?
$(b)$ What is the origin and structure of these organs?