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(A) In amplitude modulation,the modulation index is defined as $\mu = \frac{A_m}{A_c}$.If $\mu > 1$,the amplitude of the modulating signal exceeds the

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Distortion

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(A) In amplitude modulation,the modulation index is defined as $\mu = \frac{A_m}{A_c}$.If $\mu > 1$,the amplitude of the modulating signal exceeds the amplitude of the carrier wave,which leads to over-modulation.Over-modulation causes the envelope of the carrier wave to become distorted,resulting in the loss of information.Therefore,to avoid distortion,the ratio $\frac{A_m}{A_c}$ (modulation index) is kept less than or equal to $1$.

In amplitude modulation,the amplitude of the carrier wave is $A_c$ and that of the modulating signal is $A_m$. In practice,the ratio of $A_m$ to $A_c$ is kept less than or equal to $1$ to avoid:

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