In aluminium extraction by the Bayer process,alumina is extracted from bauxite by sodium hydroxide at high temperature and pressure: $Al_2O_{3(s)} + 2 OH^-_{(aq)} + 3 H_2O_{(l)} \rightarrow 2 [Al(OH)_4]^-_{(aq)}$. Solid impurities such as $Fe_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$ are removed and then $[Al(OH)_4]^-$ is reprecipitated: $2 [Al(OH)_4]^-_{(aq)} \rightarrow Al_2O_3 \cdot 3 H_2O_{(s)} + 2 OH^-_{(aq)}$. In the industrial world:

• A
  Carbon dioxide is added to precipitate the alumina
• B
  Temperature and pressure are dropped and the supersaturated solution is seeded
• C
  Both $(A)$ and $(B)$ are practised
• D
  The water is evaporated