In a food chain,the total amount of living material is depicted by

If $p \to ( \sim p \vee \sim q)$ is false,then the truth values of $p$ and $q$ are respectively.

Identify the blank spaces $a, b, c$ and $d$ given in the following table and select the correct answer.
| Organism | Type | Product |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| $a$ | $b$ | Cyclosporin-$A$ |
| $c$ | Bacterium | Butyric acid |
| $d$ | Bacterium | Lactic acid |

The vapour pressure in $mm$ of $Hg$,of an aqueous solution obtained by adding $18 \ g$ of glucose $(C_6H_{12}O_6)$ to $180 \ g$ of water at $100^{\circ} C$ is

$A$ uniform rope of mass $0.1 ~kg$ and length $2.45 ~m$ hangs from a rigid support. The time taken by the transverse wave formed in the rope to travel through the full length of the rope is (Assume $g=9.8 ~m/s^2$) (in $~s$)

In the circuit shown in the figure,the potential difference between points $A$ and $B$ is $16 \, V$. The current passing through the $2 \, \Omega$ resistance will be ................. $A$.