If the absolute refractive indices of water and glass are $\frac{4}{3}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ respectively,then what will be the ratio of the velocity of light in water to that of glass?

The ray diagram given below illustrates the experimental setup for the determination of the focal length of a converging lens using a plane mirror.
$(i)$ State the magnification of the image formed.
$(ii)$ Write two characteristics of the image formed.
$(iii)$ What is the name given to the distance between the object and the optical centre of the lens in the given diagram?

Write two important applications of $(i)$ concave mirror and $(ii)$ convex mirror.

$A$ girl was playing with a thin beam of light from her laser torch by directing it from different directions on a convex lens held vertically. She was surprised to see that in a particular direction the beam of light continues to move along the same direction after passing through the lens. State the reason for this observation.

At what distance should an object be placed to obtain its real,inverted and of same size image as the object by a convex lens?

$(a)$ Water has a refractive index of $1.33$ and alcohol has a refractive index of $1.36$. Which of the two media is optically denser? Give a reason for your answer. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of a ray of light passing obliquely from water to alcohol.
$(b)$ The absolute refractive index of diamond is $2.42$ and the absolute refractive index of glass is $1.50$. Find the refractive index of diamond with respect to glass.