Identify the incorrect statement.
$I$. Speciation is generally a function of time.
$II$. Tropical environment is less seasonal,relatively more constant and predictable.
$III$. Solar energy contributes to high productivity.
$IV$. Temperate regions have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years.

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Edward Wilson	$(i)$ Ecosystem experiments on plots
$(b)$ Alexander von Humboldt	$(ii)$ Rivet Popper Hypothesis
$(c)$ David Tilman	$(iii)$ Coined the term Biodiversity
$(d)$ Paul Ehrlich	$(iv)$ Species-Area relationships

Identify $X, Y$ and $Z$ from the given pie charts representing global biodiversity of invertebrates and vertebrates:

Which of the following statements are correct about the Amazon rainforest?
$I$. They are called the lungs of the planet.
$II$. They harbour probably millions of species.
$III$. They are the largest tropical rainforest in South America and have the highest biodiversity on Earth.
$IV$. They are being cut and cleared for cultivating soybeans or for conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle.
Choose the correct option.

What does '$X$' represent in the given graph?

Match the List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$A$. Narrowly utilitarian	$i$. Hot-spot
$B$. Broadly utilitarian	$ii$. Seed bank
$C$. In situ conservation	$iii$. Photosynthesis
$D$. Ex-situ conservation	$iv$. Food and Fibre