Identify the correct statement regarding a spontaneous process.

  • A
    For a spontaneous process in an isolated system,the change in entropy is positive.
  • B
    An endothermic process is never spontaneous.
  • C
    An exothermic process is always spontaneous.
  • D
    $A$ decrease in energy is the only essential factor for a spontaneous process.

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Given $\Delta S_{Total} = -40 \ kJ/mol \cdot K$,$\Delta H_{System} = 2000 \ kJ/mol$,and $T = 400 \ K$. Find the value of $\Delta S_{System}$ in $kJ/mol \cdot K$.

For the vaporization of water at $1 \, \text{atm}$ pressure,the liquid water and water vapor are in equilibrium. What is the temperature in $K$?
$H_2O_{(l)} \rightleftharpoons H_2O_{(g)}$ [at $1 \, \text{atm}$ pressure] [$\Delta S = 120 \, J K^{-1}$ and $\Delta H = +45.0 \, kJ$]

One mole of an ideal diatomic gas $(C_V = 5 \ cal)$ was transformed from initial $25 \ ^{\circ}C$ and $1 \ L$ to the state when temperature is $100 \ ^{\circ}C$ and volume $10 \ L$. The entropy change of the process can be expressed as $(R = 2 \ cal / mol \cdot K)$ :-

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$STATEMENT-1:$ There is a natural asymmetry between converting work to heat and converting heat to work.
$STATEMENT-2:$ No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into work.

$A$ system of $100 \ kg$ mass undergoes a process in which its specific entropy increases from $0.3 \ kJ \ kg^{-1} \ K^{-1}$ to $0.4 \ kJ \ kg^{-1} \ K^{-1}$. At the same time,the entropy of the surrounding decreases from $80 \ kJ \ K^{-1}$ to $75 \ kJ \ K^{-1}$. Find the $(\Delta S)_{universe}$ in $kJ \ K^{-1}$.

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