Identify the anti-aromatic compound.

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(B) compound is anti-aromatic if it is cyclic,planar,fully conjugated,and contains $4n$ $\pi$-electrons (where $n = 1, 2, ...$).$A$. Pyrrole cation: I

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Cyclobutadiene

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(B) compound is anti-aromatic if it is cyclic,planar,fully conjugated,and contains $4n$ $\pi$-electrons (where $n = 1, 2, ...$).$A$. Pyrrole cation: It has $6$ $\pi$-electrons ($4$ from double bonds and $2$ from the lone pair on nitrogen,but here the nitrogen is protonated,so it has $4$ $\pi$-electrons). However,it is not planar due to $sp^3$ hybridization at the nitrogen atom.$B$. Cyclobutadiene: It is a cyclic,planar,fully conjugated system with $4$ $\pi$-electrons ($4n$ where $n=1$). Thus,it is anti-aromatic.$C$. Cyclopentadiene: It is not fully conjugated because of the $sp^3$ hybridized carbon atom. Thus,it is non-aromatic.$D$. Cyclooctatetraene: It is non-planar (tub-shaped) to avoid anti-aromaticity. Thus,it is non-aromatic.Therefore,the correct answer is $B$.

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