How are various components absorbed through the process of absorption? Give an explanation.

(N/A) $(1)$ Monosaccharides like glucose, amino acids, and $Cl^-$ ions are absorbed by simple diffusion.
$(2)$ Fructose and some amino acids are absorbed by facilitated transport using $Na^+$ carrier ions.
$(3)$ Water is absorbed based on the osmotic gradient.
Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient and therefore requires energy. Various nutrients like amino acids, monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), and electrolytes (e.g., $Na^+$) are absorbed into the blood by this mechanism.
Fatty acids and glycerol, being insoluble, cannot be absorbed directly into the blood. They are first incorporated into small droplets called micelles. They are then reformed into very small protein-coated fat globules called chylomicrons, which are transported into the lymph vessels (lacteals) in the villi. These lymph vessels ultimately release the absorbed substances into the bloodstream.
The following table summarizes absorption in different parts of the digestive system:

Mouth	Stomach	Small Intestine	Large Intestine
Certain drugs coming in contact with the mucosa of the mouth and lower side of the tongue are absorbed into the blood capillaries lining them.	Absorption of water, simple sugars, and alcohol, etc., takes place.	Glucose, fructose, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids are absorbed through the mucosa into the blood.	Absorption of water, some minerals, and drugs takes place.