How is the troposphere damaged by oxides of carbon?

(N/A) $(i)$ Effects of carbon monoxide $(CO)$:
- $CO$ is a colourless and odourless gas and a serious air pollutant.
- It binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin,which is $300$ times more stable than the oxygen-hemoglobin complex,thereby blocking oxygen delivery to tissues.
- Concentrations of $3-4\%$ carboxyhemoglobin in blood cause headaches,weak eyesight,and cardiovascular disorders.
$(ii)$ Effects of carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$:
- $CO_{2}$ is released via respiration,burning of fossil fuels,and industrial processes.
- While it is a natural component of the atmosphere ($0.03\%$ by volume),excess $CO_{2}$ due to deforestation and fossil fuel combustion leads to the greenhouse effect.
- This increased concentration of $CO_{2}$ in the troposphere is the primary cause of global warming.