| Male gametophyte in Pteridophytes | Male gametophyte in Gymnosperms |
| $(i)$ Reduced and short-lived. | $(i)$ Highly reduced and dependent on the sporophyte. |
| $(ii)$ Male gametes are flagellated (motile). | $(ii)$ Male gametes are non-flagellated (non-motile). |
| $(iii)$ Requires water for fertilization. | $(iii)$ Does not require water; fertilization occurs via a pollen tube. |
| Female gametophyte in Pteridophytes | Female gametophyte in Gymnosperms |
| $(i)$ Often independent and photosynthetic. | $(i)$ Completely dependent on the parent sporophyte. |
| $(ii)$ Not retained within the parent sporophyte. | $(ii)$ Retained within the megasporangium (ovule). |
| $(iii)$ Does not form a seed. | $(iii)$ Develops into a seed after fertilization. |
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| Column-$I$ | Column-$II$ |
|---|---|
| $A$. Chlorophyceae | $i$. Polytrichum |
| $B$. Rhodophyceae | $ii$. Marchantia |
| $C$. Liverworts | $iii$. Polysiphonia |
| $D$. Mosses | $iv$. Chara |
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