Hard water contains ions of

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(B) Hard water is defined as water that does not produce lather with soap. Hardness is primarily due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonates,chlorid

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magnesium and calcium

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(B) Hard water is defined as water that does not produce lather with soap. Hardness is primarily due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonates,chlorides,and sulphates of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions. The reaction with soap (sodium stearate) is: $M^{2+} + 2C_{17}H_{35}COONa \longrightarrow (C_{17}H_{35}COO)_2M + 2Na^+$ (where $M = Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}$). These ions react with soap to form insoluble precipitates of calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids,preventing the formation of lather.

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