The grafting method can be used in which of the following?

Bark refers to all tissues exterior to the

Read the different components from $(i)$ to $(iv)$ in the list given below and tell the correct order of the components with reference to their arrangement from outer side to inner side in a woody dicot stem.
$(i)$ Secondary cortex $(ii)$ Wood $(iii)$ Secondary phloem $(iv)$ Phellem
The correct order is:

Trees at sea do not have annual rings because

What is/are true about heartwood?
$I.$ It does not help in water conduction.
$II.$ It is also called alburnum.
$III.$ It is dark in colour but very soft.
$IV.$ It has tracheary elements,which are filled with tannin,resin,etc.

Which of the following will cause the maximum damage to a tree?