Gopi buys a fish from a shop for his aquarium. The shopkeeper takes out one fish at random from a tank containing $5$ male fish and $8$ female fish. What is the probability that the fish taken out is a male fish?

$A$ box contains $3$ blue,$2$ white,and $4$ red marbles. If a marble is drawn at random from the box,what is the probability that it will be
$(i)$ white?
$(ii)$ blue?
$(iii)$ red?

$A$ bag contains $3$ red balls and $5$ black balls. $A$ ball is drawn at random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is
$(i)$ red?
$(ii)$ not red?

$A$ box contains $12$ balls out of which $x$ are black. If one ball is drawn at random from the box,what is the probability that it will be a black ball?
If $6$ more black balls are put in the box,the probability of drawing a black ball is now double of what it was before. Find $x$.

$A$ game consists of tossing a one rupee coin $3$ times and noting its outcome each time. Hanif wins if all the tosses give the same result,i.e.,three heads or three tails,and loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that Hanif will lose the game.

$A$ lot consists of $144$ ball pens of which $20$ are defective and the others are good. Nuri will buy a pen if it is good,but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper draws one pen at random and gives it to her. What is the probability that
$(i)$ She will buy it?
$(ii)$ She will not buy it?