Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$: Refractive index of glass is higher than that of air.
Reason $(R)$: Optical density of a medium is directly proportionate to its mass density which results in a proportionate refractive index.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

$A$ light of wavelength $600 \ nm$ in air enters a medium of refractive index $1.5$. Inside the medium :

When can it be assumed that light moves in a straight line?

$A$ thin oil layer floats on water. $A$ ray of light making an angle of incidence of $40^o$ shines on the oil layer. The angle of refraction of the light ray in water is......$^o$ $({\mu _{oil}} = 1.45, {\mu _{water}} = 1.33)$

The optical properties of a medium are governed by the relative permittivity $(\epsilon_r)$ and relative permeability $(\mu_r)$. The refractive index is defined as $n = \sqrt{\epsilon_r \mu_r}$. For ordinary material $\epsilon_r > 0$ and $\mu_r > 0$ and the positive sign is taken for the square root. In $1964$,a Russian scientist $V$. Veselago postulated the existence of material with $\epsilon_r < 0$ and $\mu_r < 0$. Since then,such 'metamaterials' have been produced in the laboratories and their optical properties studied. For such materials $n = -\sqrt{\epsilon_r \mu_r}$. As light enters a medium of such refractive index,the phases travel away from the direction of propagation.
$(i)$ According to the description above,show that if rays of light enter such a medium from air (refractive index $= 1$) at an angle $\theta_i$ in the $2^{nd}$ quadrant,then the refracted beam is in the $3^{rd}$ quadrant.
$(ii)$ Prove that Snell's law holds for such a medium.

The refractive index of glass is $3/2$ and the refractive index of water is $4/3$. If the speed of light in glass is $2.00 \times 10^8 \ m/s$,the speed of light in water will be: