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(D) The hybridization of oxygen in the water molecule $(H_2O)$ is $sp^3$.According to $VSEPR$ theory,the electron geometry of the water molecule is te

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Both $A$ and $R$ are true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$

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(D) The hybridization of oxygen in the water molecule $(H_2O)$ is $sp^3$.According to $VSEPR$ theory,the electron geometry of the water molecule is tetrahedral,and the bond angle should ideally be $109^{\circ} 28^{\prime}$.However,the water molecule contains two lone pairs on the oxygen atom.According to $VSEPR$ theory,the order of repulsion is: lone pair $-$ lone pair $>$ lone pair $-$ bond pair $>$ bond pair $-$ bond pair.Due to the strong lone pair $-$ lone pair repulsion,the bond pairs are pushed closer together,which decreases the $H-O-H$ bond angle from the ideal tetrahedral angle to $104.5^{\circ}$.Therefore,both Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$ are true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$.

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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$ :Assertion $A$ : The $H-O-H$ bond angle in water molecule is $104.5^{\circ}$.Reason $R$ : The lone pair $-$ lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair $-$ bond pair repulsion.