Explain the concept of temperature based on the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.

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(N/A) The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics provides the fundamental basis for the concept of temperature.
Temperature is defined as a physical property that acts as a marker of the 'hotness' or 'coldness' of a body.
It determines the direction of the flow of heat when two bodies are placed in thermal contact.
Heat naturally flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.
This flow of heat continues until the temperatures of both bodies equalize,at which point the two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium.

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Assertion $(A)$: The zeroth law of thermodynamics leads to the concept of temperature.
Reason $(R)$: The zeroth law states that two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
The correct option among the following is:

Given are statements for certain thermodynamic variables:
$(A)$ Internal energy,volume $(V)$ and mass $(M)$ are extensive variables.
$(B)$ Pressure $(P)$,temperature $(T)$ and density $(\rho)$ are intensive variables.
$(C)$ Volume $(V)$,temperature $(T)$ and density $(\rho)$ are intensive variables.
$(D)$ Mass $(M)$,temperature $(T)$ and internal energy are extensive variables.
Choose the correct answer from the points given below:

Which of the following parameters does not characterize the thermodynamic state of matter?

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